Diseases and pests can significantly reduce yields. And if you start the disease, then you can completely lose the crop. We find out what dangers, and at what stages, carrot wait for, and how to prevent the defeat of fungi, bacteria and insect pests.
Carrot diseases
Carrots, in comparison with other vegetable crops, do not often get sick during the growing season. The greatest danger to it is fungal diseases that cause root rot. It is not enough to grow carrots - you still have to save it. After laying root crops for storage, a variety of types of rot can be activated.
Powdery mildew
One of the most common diseases. It tends to develop especially intensively in certain years - when the weather is hot and dry, when the leaves are deficient in moisture. The disease dramatically reduces photosynthesis, root crops are reduced, the leaves dry and die.
The fungus spreads through plant debris. Also, the primary infection can pass from plants from the celery family. The fungus is transferred by conidia, forming on the mycelium.
Symptoms The leaves are covered with a whitish powdery coating, which, gradually thickening, becomes gray. On top of the plaque, dark brown and black dot formations - cleistothecia are formed. The affected parts of the leaves turn brown and die. Root crops lag behind in growth, become smaller and harden.
Control measures:
- treatment of plantings with Fitosporin-M and other fungicides, as well as iodine, ash, copper-soap or copper-soda solution;
- isolation of carrot crops from plants of the umbrella family.
Fomoz
Dangerous fungal disease. The second name is dry rot. Attacks the crop at the end of the growing season. Phomosis most actively spreads during storage. The disease is activated if the root crops are stored in a warm basement - at a temperature above + 10 ° C.
The disease is harmless in the first year of vegetation. The main danger of dry rot is for seed bushes sent for storage. The disease is considered incurable. Affected plants are removed and destroyed.
Symptoms At the beginning of the disease, oblong spots of gray-brown color appear on the tops. Gradually, the disease passes to root crops. First, at the top of the carrots, dark dents with a whitish bloom appear, they, growing, destroy the entire root crop.
Control measures:
- Increasing the dose of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
- Immediately after harvesting, remove the tops.
White rot
At the initial stage, sclerotinia is the second name for white rot; it passes almost asymptomatically. This fungal disease manifests itself during storage. Laying the root crops for storage, the gardener does not suspect that along with them a dangerous infection is brought into his cellar, which can destroy everything that is in the bins.
The development of white rot can provoke an overdose of nitrogenous fertilizers.
Sclerotinia affects many garden plants. In order to prevent the development of this disease, carrots are not recommended to be grown near pumpkins, tomatoes, cucumbers, beans and cabbage.
Symptoms Soft areas appear on carrots, which at first can only be determined by touch - they are no different in color from healthy root crops. Over time, fluffy deposits appear on soft areas, then wet drops, which, when hardened, form dark growths.
Control measures:
- Increasing the dose of potassium - contribute 1.5 tbsp. l potassium sulfate for every 10 liters of water.
- Spraying with drugs with copper.
- Cellar disinfection. For example, you can use sulfur drafts.
Gray rot
The second name for gray rot is botritiosis. It affects carrots laid for storage, primarily - sunken or frozen root crops.
To minimize the risks of disease, carrots are not recommended to be stored near cabbage. Due to gray rot, 80-90% of the crop may disappear.
Symptoms On the roots, moist brown patches first appear. When pressed, soft. Later, a grayish coating grows in softened areas. Sclerotia - tuberous formations soon grow on top of the gray mycelium.
Control measures:
- Timely application of nitrogen fertilizers in accordance with the dosage prescribed for carrots.
- Spraying with Bordeaux liquid 1%.
- Storage at around + 2 ° C.
Rhizoctonia
The disease is more commonly known as felt rot. It occurs during active growth and during storage. The causative agent is a fungus that lives in the soil. The mushroom is ubiquitous, in addition to carrots, it affects beets, parsley, clover, chicory, turnips.
You can learn about the disease even during growth - subcutaneous spots of a lead hue appear on root crops. The tops of the affected plants turn yellow and even dry.
Symptoms On root crops spots of a gray shade appear. Located under the skin. A fleck of violet-brown appears on top of the spots. Over time, black formations form on top of the plaque. The root tissues soften and rot.
Control measures:
- Copper Chloride Spray.
- Lime is recommended.
Alternariosis
Gardeners call this fungal disease black rot. The development is facilitated by hot summers, rainy and windy. Rhizoctonia can provoke watering in the evening. Symptoms usually appear during storage. The fungus is transmitted through the soil, plant debris, and seed material. The disease in a short time can completely destroy the crop.
The disease can completely destroy plants in the period from seedlings to the appearance of 3-4 leaves. In this case, it is usually said that the plants are affected by the "black leg".
Symptoms During the growing season, the stalk blackens in young shoots. Root crops are covered with dry black spots. Penetration depth - up to 10 mm.
Control measures: spraying with the drug "Rovral" (Rovral).
Bacteriosis
The disease is bacterial in nature. Infection with pathogenic bacteria occurs during the first year of cultivation. The disease is very common and can be diagnosed during the growing season.
With a strong spread, the plant smells unpleasant. It is impossible to cure bacteriosis, therefore, infected plantings are destroyed.
Symptoms Yellowish spots appear along the edges of the lower leaves. Overgrowing, they darken. At the base of the petioles, specks of droplets appear grayish and yellowish - bacterial exudate. The stems are covered with brownish spots and stripes. On root crops ulcerations and depressed areas of a brownish shade are formed.
Control measures: 20 days after emergence - spraying with Hom (40 g are diluted in 10 l of water).
Cercosporosis
A common, ubiquitous fungal disease. Often observed in waterlogged and floodplain areas. Usually appears in cool and rainy summers.
If the plants are severely affected, then the leaves die off, and the root crops grow small and shriveled. Plant debris can become a source of infection.
Symptoms At the initial stage, the leaves are affected - brown spots with a white middle appear on them. Then the spots increase and become light. Leaves dry and twist. A gray coating forms on the spots - these are spores of the fungus. Then the mold covers the entire surface of the leaves - they turn black and rot.
Control measures: spraying with fungicides - for example, "Quadris".
Brown spotting
The second name for this fungal disease is cladosporiosis. On a young plant, they look like constrictions. If carrots get sick at the beginning of the growing season, they usually die. The optimal conditions for the development of the fungus are from +20 to + 25 ° C. The source of infection may be plant debris or seeds.
Pathogenic fungus is transmitted by wind and water, is carried by insects. The roots and testes are affected in any periods of the growing season. Kladosporiosis reduces productivity by 40-50%. If the disease is not treated, the entire crop may disappear.
Symptoms The first signs appear on seedlings. At the bottom of the plant are dark stripes. In adult plants, symptoms are manifested in the phase of the formation of root crops. More often the fungus covers the entire terrestrial part. Brown spots with a dark border appear on the leaves.
If the lesion is severe, the leaves curl. Tops look like it was boiled with boiling water. On root crops, light brown spots with a diameter of about 1.5 cm are visible. Healthy and diseased tissues are clearly distinguished. The pulp of root crops rots deeply.
Control measures:
- The introduction of an increased dose of potassium and phosphorus. This is especially important for loamy soils.
- Spraying with fungicides.
Carrot Pests
Carrots are few pests, but their attacks can lead to a complete loss of crop. We learn about the most harmful insects that feed on the aboveground and underground parts of carrots.
Leaf tree
Leaf fleas, like ordinary fleas, have jump limbs. Due to their jumping ability, insects can travel long distances. This is a very small pest, but it can cause significant harm. The source of the appearance of insects is pine plantings.
It is extremely difficult to destroy the pest, therefore it is recommended to take preventive measures - cover plantings with non-woven material in advance.
Harm and signs of defeat. Females lay eggs on the tops of carrots. Larvae emerging from eggs feed on leaf juice. The plant can dry completely, and root crops stop growing.
Control measures:
- Processing with soapy solution or tobacco dust. For 10 liters of water take 1 kg of tobacco and 30 g of laundry soap.
- Spreading or unfolding coniferous branches between rows.
Umbrella moth
Carrot or umbrella moth is a small butterfly. There are several varieties of moths, especially brown, affecting fruits and testes. The period of activation of the moth is the end of June-mid-July. It affects parsnips, fennel, caraway dill and other umbrella.
The first caterpillars appear at the end of June. Caterpillars develop around 20 days. Having plucked, they do not threaten the harvest - until next year. To prevent the development of pests, a deep autumn digging of the soil is recommended.
Harm and signs of defeat. Pests weave cocoons - you can guess from them the presence of a pest. Plants darken and dry out.
Control measures:
- Topping and mechanical caterpillar picking.
- Spraying with drugs lepidocide, entobacterin, etc. during the budding period.
Naked slugs
This voracious pest is especially active in wet, rainy weather. Adult slugs and larvae are also dangerous for the crop. Pests usually hide under stones or among the tops.
The pest constantly multiplies - it lays eggs throughout the summer and autumn, so it can cause great harm to the crop. The female is able to lay five hundred eggs at a time. Hatching slugs in 2-3 weeks become full-fledged pests of garden beds.
Do not grow carrots in the lowlands where moisture stagnates - there is a high risk of slug damage.
In addition to carrots, slugs eat other garden crops. It is extremely difficult to lime them - it is difficult to determine the places of their “dislocation”. Usually they settle throughout the site. It is recommended to look for slugs under stones, boards, other objects that stand for a long time without changing their place.
Harm and signs of defeat. Slugs eat leaves and root crops. You can diagnose the presence of slugs by the light paths that stretch along their trail. Usually slugs crawl out at night or immediately after rain.
Control measures:
- Processing of land with lime mortar, in which wood ash is added.
- Regular weed removal is the best way to control slugs.
Wireworms
Wireworms are solid yellow worms reaching a length of 3 cm. These are the larvae of the nutcracker. The insect is especially dangerous in the first half of summer. By early August, larvae, pupating, become harmless to carrots.
Wireworms are especially common on potato beds. This is the most dangerous potato pest. Optimal conditions for the pest - soil moisture about 50%, air temperature - above + 20 ° C. With low humidity, worms die quickly, but in a dry environment, plants die too.
Harm and signs of defeat. Worms feed on root crops, eating thin passages in them. Gnawing the flesh, the wireworm makes the root crop vulnerable to various infections. Gnawed carrots are not suitable for food or storage.
Control measures:
- Liming of the soil.
- The introduction of ammonia-containing preparations - ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, etc.
Carrot fly
This is the most common and harmful insect for carrots. Lays eggs directly on the plant or on the soil near it. The first attacks begin at the end of May.
A fly is dangerous at all stages of carrot development. It is important to take measures to destroy laid eggs. But to cope with the fly, you need a whole range of agricultural measures.
Harm and signs of defeat. Hatching from eggs, the larvae gnaw out moves in the root crop. One can guess about infection with a fly from the tops - it acquires a yellow or purple hue, and root crops become bitter. The tops fade, and the root crops become inedible.
Control measures:
- Spraying with chemicals - Cyper, Sharpei, etc.
- The use of folk remedies - treatment with a solution of ash, slaked lime and tobacco dust, taken in equal parts. Mixed components are scattered between the rows.
Exclamation point scoop
This is a butterfly whose caterpillars affect all parts of the plant. It is a multi-pest pest. It harms cereals, industrial crops and vegetables. Butterflies appear in early May; they feed on flowers for some time.
Harm and signs of defeat. Caterpillars eat stems and fruits, eating holes in them
Control measures:
- Spraying with insecticides - Decis, Politrin, Fury.
- The use of folk methods - spraying with infusion of burdock and chamomile.
Gall nematode
These are small white worms living in the earth. Their length is 0.5-1.5 mm. Damage the root system. Worms are in the topsoil. Gnawed passages destroy root crops.
Nematodes can be in the soil for years, and then hit the entire crop. Active breeding begins in hot and humid weather. There is no single way to destroy the nematode.
Harm and signs of defeat. Root crops, due to worms penetrating the root crops, are covered with growths and swellings - galls, in which these insects breed - nematodes lay eggs in them.
Control measures:
- Replacing affected soil.
- Burning affected plants.
- Formalin soil treatment.
Medvedka
This insect is dangerous for most garden crops. The bear lives underground, reaches 5-6 cm in length. He has powerful jaws and a strong shell. The danger is not only an adult insect, but also a larva.
In a short time, the insect can destroy a significant part of the crop. To prevent the spread of the bear, a thorough and deep digging of the soil is recommended.
Harm and signs of defeat. Medvedka gnaws root crops and young shoots. The plant dies.
Control measures:
- Processing with kerosene or washing powder.
- Tincture of mustard, alcohol and pepper, mixed in a ratio of 1: 1: 10.
- All kinds of traps - dung, beer, etc.
- Chemicals - for example, granular preparations "Grizzly", "Medvetox", "Thunder".
Prevention
Not all carrot diseases are curable, but there are preventive methods for any infection.In order to counteract all diseases and pests at once, a whole complex of preventive measures is used.
Prevention measures:
- Soaking seeds in hot water (+ 52 ° C). The exposure time is 10 minutes. Transfer to cold water for 3-5 minutes. Or soaking in hydrogen peroxide 3% - 9-10 hours.
- Etching the soil with a solution of copper sulfate (10 l - 30 g). For 1 square. m - 0.1 l of solution.
- The right selection of varieties - zoned in a particular region, and resistant to disease.
- Watering only with warm water. Carrots are watered in the evening, with water heated in the sun during the day.
- Compliance with crop rotation. You can not grow carrots in one place for 2 years in a row, and also after umbrella. It is best to plant it after cereal crops or onions.
Recognizing diseases and pests in time, you can pick up timely means of control, and save the crop. But the most effective and affordable preventive measures - thanks to them you can prevent most dangerous diseases and insect attacks.
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Russia. City Novosibirsk
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