Peach plum variety appeared in our area from Western Europe. Most gardeners grow it in their gardens and gardens and wait for each crop, because the fruits of this plum grow large, juicy and sweet. In addition, peach plum is considered an excellent decoration of the garden.
plum variety "Peach"
Peach variety guarantees a plentiful harvest
peach plum pleases with a rich peach aroma
How did the variety appear?
No one knows the exact origin of Peach Plum. It is only known that the ownership rights are shared between two countries: France and England. In the meantime, Peach Plum is a variety of Western European origin with fruits of early ripening. He has been known since 1830 and he has two more names - Royal Rouge and Red Nectarine.
France is considered a more suitable place for the cultivation of this variety due to its climate, but England at that time made many discoveries in various fields and crop production was no exception.
If you are also interested in other plum varieties, you can read this article.
Description and characteristics of peach plum
As with any variety, peach plum trees also have their own distinctive features by which they can be distinguished from other plum varieties:
- average value;
- round crown with medium leaf crown;
- thick and powerful branches;
- the color of the bark is brown-gray;
- leaf color - bright green;
- leaves are large and serrated at the edges;
- blooms in late terms;
- fruits grow on thick petioles;
- the fruits are large;
- weigh up to 70 grams (average weight - 45-50 grams);
- fetal height - up to 4.5 cm;
- width - up to 4.5 cm;
- thickness - up to 4.0 cm;
- the stalk is not thick and short (from 7 to 10 mm);
- shape - round or ovoid;
- peel - thick with a wax coating;
- the pulp is yellow, dense and elastic;
- the color of the ripe fruit is yellow-green, and one side is reddish;
- rounded oval bone.
Where does it grow and in what climate?
Peach plum has a summer ripening period, so for good vegetation and active fruiting it needs a lot of sunlight and heat. Therefore, its habitat is:
- Armenia;
- Azerbaijan;
- Georgia;
- Ukraine (Transcarpathian and Nikolaev regions);
- Moldova.
In Russia, this plum can be found in the following regions:
- Stavropol region
- Krasnodar region;
- Dagestan;
- Ingushetia;
- Rostov region.
Drought and frost resistance
Peach merging a heat-loving tree - it prefers a mild and warm climate and is able to endure summer heat and drought without problems (the main thing is to water it in a timely manner). Plum winter hardiness is average, as is frost resistance.
In the climate of the Moscow Region, Astrakhan and Northern Ukraine, trees can often freeze, so it is important to shelter them in winter. And very harsh and cold winters Peach plum is particularly difficult.
Pollinators
The peach plum tree itself is barren, so it is necessary that pollinator trees grow within a radius of 12-15 meters from it. At the same time, attention should be paid directly to early varieties: the same flowering period is an important and indispensable factor for high-quality pollination. The following varieties of plums are excellent for this purpose:
- Altana
- Lodva
- Mirabelle Nancy;
- The greengage is green;
- Hungarian home;
- Anna Shpet;
- Cherry plum Comet and Lama.
Productivity and fruiting
Peach plum belongs to early varieties. The first crops can really be harvested after 5-6 years from the moment of tree planting. A stable crop begins at the age of 15 - during this period, up to 50 kg of a fine crop can be harvested from one tree.
Disease and pest resistance
Peach plum is quite resistant to the destructive influence of pests and diseases, but nevertheless there is a certain list of those diseases and parasites that can cause harm to this variety. Proper care and preventive measures can increase the level of resistance to harmful lesions.
Features of planting peach plum
To plant a plum, you should not spend titanic efforts - just know the simple rules and recommendations, and you will get an excellent result.
Requirements
Since Peach plum is a heat-loving tree, it needs a place where light and heat will prevail. Therefore, choose a site with good lighting and closed from the north wind. All the nearest landings and buildings should be at a distance of at least 5 m. The drain needs a lot of free space, then its root system can rapidly develop.
Plants that can plant next to peach plum:
- Apple tree;
- gooseberry;
- currant;
- raspberry.
Plants that should not be planted next to this variety:
- sweet cherry;
- cherry;
- pear.
Soil preparation
The soil should be chosen fertile, sufficiently moistened, but so that the moisture does not stagnate. Loam with neutral acidity or chernozem is suitable for this. The presence of groundwater is also of great importance - if their level approaches the surface closer than 1.5 m, then for the tree you need to prepare an artificial hill 60 cm high. Prepare it in advance - in the fall, but you can make a landing pit in spring in about 2 -3 weeks before planting a seedling.
The hole should be about 70 cm deep and at least 60 cm in diameter. The bottom should be drained with coarse pebbles, then put a fertile mixture of:
- 20 cm of the topsoil;
- 20 kg of manure;
- 15 kg of coarse river sand;
- 120 g of superphosphate;
- 60 g of potassium chloride;
- 300 g of ammonium nitrate.
Seedling selection and preparation
In order not to miscalculate with the selected material, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- the seedling should be whole, fresh and without breaks;
- healthy, without signs of disease;
- choose a seedling 1-2 years old;
- keep the root system well developed and closed;
- the height of the annual seed seedlings is 1-1.3 m, and grown from seed - 1.5 m.
Each unit of planting material should contain a tag on which all information about the variety, its producer, breed and favorable growing area will be indicated.
Seedlings that were acquired in the fall should ensure a decent wintering. Choose a place for the tree in the garden and place it under a slight slope with the roots down in the prepared hole, then fill it with soil until the root system is completely covered and the trunk is closed from the bottom by a third. Cover the seedlings with a spruce top to protect the material from rodents.
Instructions for landing
Take the planting process seriously so that your trees grow in the best conditions. It looks like this:
- Make sure that the seedling is intact and remove rotten or dry shoots.
- Place the seedling in a 3% manganese solution on 1-3 trunks for 14 hours.
- Treat the roots with a mixture of manure and clay (the ratio of 2 kg of clay to 1 kg of manure and mix until the consistency of thick sour cream), then allow to dry for 2-3 hours.
- Drive a stake 1.5 m high at a distance of 10-15 cm from the center.
- Form the soil in the pit with a hill, and then place the seedling on top so that the root neck of the plum is 5-8 cm above the final soil level.
- Spread the roots of the cuttings. They should be 5 cm from the bottom of the hole.
- Gradually fill the seedlings with earth that was prepared prematurely, carefully laying each layer.
- Fill the planted tree with two buckets of water.
- Remove the count in two years.
What care is required?
To plant a tree is to do only half the work, as the most basic thing starts next - care and maintenance of its condition. Peach plum care consists in regular fertilizing, watering and pruning, loosening the soil and removing weeds - this is the only way to get a healthy tree, with large and tasty fruits.
Loosening and watering
Soil cultivation after planting is an important part in the subsequent care of the tree. The trunk circle helps give the tree air, water and nutrients. The size of the circle should be larger than the size of the crown due to the root system, which is growing in width.
To dig the soil correctly, the plane of the shovel must be placed along the radius of the trunk circle so as not to damage the roots, since they will recover for a long time. The depth of cultivation depends on the distance from the trunk - the closer they dig, the smaller the depth (7-8 cm) should be, while on the rest of the trunk circle this distance should be 10-12 cm.
Watering should be carried out with extreme caution. Abundantly water the tree only at times of active growth of shoots and during flowering (May-June), as well as during the ripening of the crop and growth of the root system (August-September).
During watering, it is important not to overdo it - since overmoistening can lead to the following consequences:
- foliage turns yellow and dries;
- tree growth slows down;
After planting, water the tree once a week with two or three buckets of water. 5-6 times a season, water an adult plum, using 4 buckets of water for each irrigation.
During ripening, water even more - 6-8 buckets at a time. If the weather is too hot and arid in the summer, then increase the amount of water at your discretion, since without sufficient watering the fruits will fall unripe. And in the fall, before preparing for the winter, carry out a water-charging irrigation.
Do not pour water under the tree trunk, for this prepare the grooves along the outer edge of the roundabout. Ideal to ensure even distribution of water is spraying with sprinklers.
Fertilizer application
Peach plum takes a large amount of nutrients from the soil, so provide it with regular fertilizing. By feeding time, they are associated with the period of pruning the tree. But in the first season, the drain can not be fertilized additionally, since it receives all the necessary elements from the soil that was used during planting. Nevertheless, once every 10 days you can spray the seedlings with growth stimulants - do this in calm weather.
The feeding process is as follows:
- Start using urea in the second year, adding 45 g of fertilizer for every 10 liters of water.
- Fertilize with urea when the flowering period begins in the ratio of 45 g per 10 liters of water.
- Add nitrofoski when the fruits begin to ripen, in a ratio of 3 tbsp. l substances per 10 liters of water.
- When the crop is harvested, add 30 g of potassium sulfate and superphosphate.
- Fertilize with rotted manure (1 bucket per 1 tree) during late autumn.
- Before fertilizing the soil, first water it and loosen it.
Pruning
Starting from the first year of life, the tree must be pruned. Trim so that the crown of the tree is formed - this will help to accelerate the growth of side shoots, and if you planted a seedling at the age of two years when planting, then shorten the branches by 1/3.
For 3-4 years after planting, young trees begin to grow very quickly - sometimes the growth of shoots can reach 2 m per year. Therefore, all subsequent pruning will be aimed at forming the crown of the tree and do this before the buds open. They form trees according to a sparse-tier system, as this provides access to sunlight to all branches, and also makes harvesting more convenient.
Trimming on a sparse-tier system is as follows:
- Choose 5-7 pieces of strong and healthy shoots of skeletal branches, so that they grow in all directions.
- Cut the remaining branches into a ring so that an influx of a ring-shaped form is visible, that is, under the very base.
- Arrange rows of branches in such a way that there are 3 pieces in the bottom row, on average - 2, and in the bottommost 1 branch. Make a distance of 50 cm between the branches.
- Cut the center conductor so that it is 20 cm above the rest of the branches.
- Cut off all branches that are frozen or withered.
Use also the thinning method. This method helps to improve the quality of the resulting crop, by reducing its quantity. The first thinning is done when the plums are still the size of a walnut, and the second when the berries have already doubled. The remaining fruits will receive much more sunlight and nutrients, which has a positive effect on the size of the fruit and its palatability.
Preparing for the Frost
To get a good harvest, in addition to performing all of the above activities, it is important to take care of a safe wintering of the tree. Temperature differences affect Peach Plum badly - bark burns may appear, and you can see this phenomenon in February-March, when the difference between the temperature day and night is very large.
For a good wintering of the tree, whitewash the trunk with diluted lime and wrap it in burlap or thick paper. Also, to increase frost resistance, regulate watering and top dressing - a thick layer of sawdust or peat, at least 25-30 cm, and during severe frosts you can carry out smoke, due to which the air temperature around the seedlings increases by 3-4 degrees.
Also a winter threat to the plum tree is mowing, when the bark at the bottom of the trunk begins to die. This happens during frosts that began after abundant wet snow, the temperature under which is within 0 degrees. To avoid this situation, it is recommended to trample the snow in the tree circle.
List of possible pests and diseases
Despite the relative resistance to pests and diseases, it is still worth periodically to carry out preventive and therapeutic measures. Most plum susceptible to moniliosis, rust, marsupial disease and klyasterosporioz.
- Moniliosis or Monilial Burn - it affects the ovaries and leaves - they become brown and dry, and the fruit is also mummified. It must be treated with copper-containing preparations until the buds open. As a preventative measure, do not allow thickening of the crown and carry out timely pruning.
- Marsupial disease - the fruits cannot form seeds and remain empty, and the surface is covered with a coating with spores. It is necessary to process with a solution of 1% Bordeaux liquid after flowering and at the beginning of fruit ripening. As a preventative measure, cut and destroy infected parts of the tree and collect diseased fruits.
- Kleasterosporiosis - the leaves are affected by brown spots with a dark border. It must be treated with 3% Bordeaux liquid before and at the end of the growing season. As a preventative measure, cut and destroy infected parts of the tree.
- Rust - red spots appear on the leaves, and the affected foliage falls off. It must be treated with copper chloride before flowering. As a preventative measure, collect and destroy fallen leaves.
Of the pests, the following species attack the plum:
- Winter moth - pulls together cobwebs leaves, eats buds and leaves, gnaws buds. It must be treated with Lepidocide during the period of budding. As an preventive measure, the autumn setting of hunting belts helps.
- Plum moth - lays its larvae inside the fetus. Treat with chlorophos during the formation of the fruit. Dig up the soil as a preventative measure, and then collect and destroy the affected fruits.
- Goldfish - destroys buds and leaves. It is necessary to process with benzophosphate during the period of bud extension.As a preventative measure, collect and destroy wintering nests.
How to harvest and store crops?
Fruits ripen early enough - flowering occurs in July, and you can pick in early August. In the case of transportation of fruits, begin to collect them until fully ripened (approximately 3 days). Do this as carefully as possible - do not drop or crease so as not to shorten the shelf life. Ripe fruits should be eaten quickly or sent for processing.
To increase the shelf life of the fruits, collect them with the stem. Then, for example, at a temperature of 6-7 degrees, the plum can hold for up to 3 weeks. At low humidity, the fruit quickly withers, and at a temperature of 0 degrees the flesh begins to darken.
Areas of use
Peach plum is used to make compotes, preserves and jams. Also, this wine produces excellent wine, and ripe fruits can be frozen for use in the winter season.
Peach Plum Reviews
Dmitry, 52 years old, gardener, Rostov Region.Peach plum is without exaggeration considered a delicious fruit, with a light peach flavor. The variety was to the taste of my wife - several fruits that have not yet fully ripened, miraculously survived.
Catherine, 35 years old, summer resident, Krasnodar.We bought seedlings of this variety many years ago, on the advice of one saleswoman, and since then have never regretted it. They waited 5 years for the tree to grow and begin to delight us with its crops and soon, it happened - we collect 5 buckets of fragrant, tasty and juicy fruits. Very satisfied.
Irina, 48 years old, gardener, Vologda.A great variety, delicious fruits, but if you grow this plum living in the Northwest, then, unfortunately, there will not be a lot of harvest.
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Peach plum is able to please its breeders with both a beautiful appearance and a rich harvest. The variety as a whole is unpretentious - it ripens early, is resistant to pests and diseases, and the ripened fruits are large, juicy and sweet. All these advantages make this variety very popular among gardeners.
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